|
COSPAS-SARSAT satellite EPIRB
The Cospas-Sarsat System provides distress alert and location information to search and rescue (SAR) services throughout the world for maritime, aviation and land users in distress. The System is comprised of:
- satellites in Low-altitude Earth Orbit (LEOSAR) and Geostationary Orbit (GEOSAR) that process and / or relay signals transmitted by distress beacons;
- ground receiving stations called Local User Terminals (LUTs) which process the satellite signals to locate the beacon; and
- Mission Control Centres (MCCs) that provide the distress alert information to SAR authorities.
The Cospas-Sarsat System can detect and locate distress beacons that operate at 406 MHz. Satellite processing of old analogue technology beacons that transmit at 121.5 MHz ended on 1 February 2009.
Cospas-Sarsat began tracking the two original types of distress radiobeacons in 1982. Specifically, these were:
- EPIRBs (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons), which signal maritime distress; and
- ELTs (Emergency Locator Transmitters), which signal aircraft distress
More recently, a new type of distress radiobeacon became available:
- PLBs (Personal Locator Beacons), are for personal use and are intended to indicate a person in distress who is away from normal emergency services
Cospas-Sarsat is an element of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS). Automatic-activating EPIRBs are now required on International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ships, commercial fishing vessels, and all passenger ships, are designed to transmit to a Rescue Coordination Centre a vessel identification and an accurate location of the vessel from anywhere in the world.
|